So we’ve all heard about the huge health insurance debate that has raged in this country for many years now. Parties on either side of the aisle have presented their case in hopes to sway the voters over to their point of view. While these are important issues, it is way beyond the scope of this article. In this article, I’ll go over the very basics of insurance, it’s principles and terminology. That way, when you hear news reports and such, you’ll be better informed.
Insurance has been around for many centuries. What is probably the most famous is a company you may have heard of, Lloyds of London. They started back when explorers would set out to the world. If they came back, then the people at Lloyds would reap some of the benefits. If they disappeared, then Lloyds would incur their cost. Companies and kings alike used Lloyds to protect against potential loss as they sent their ships out in search of new lands.
Insurance companies today operate based on the same principles.
To protect against loss due to unforeseen events in the future. It’s based on something from mathematics called the “Law of Large Numbers.” If there are thousands of people each paying a small amount of money every month, the insurance company can afford to pay individuals in case of an accident or other event. This only works if the chances of any given event is less than the total amount of contributions by all individuals.
In order to create a new policy, the insurance company has to evaluate the potential risks involved. If the risks are low enough, and they think they can afford to pay out in case of an accident or event, then they will initiate coverage. If, on the other hand, the risk is deemed to be too great, like car insurance for somebody who has been in twenty accidents, they will not be able to offer coverage.
To stay in business, the insurance company has to make sure that any risk of any event happening is smaller than the total amount of people participating in the plan.
If the risks start to get too large, then the company will have to do one of two things.
First off is to start charging everybody more for their insurance. The second thing is to simply deny coverage for certain events, or to certain individuals who are higher risk than others.
The bottom line is that the less likely something is going to happen, the less you’ll have to pay to insure against it. The higher the chance become, the more you’ll have to pay.